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**Official translation – English**

Note on language compatibility
The following translation is provided as an aid to understanding. Only the wording in the official language of the Arbitral Tribunal in accordance with the Geneva Conventions of 1949 is authoritative and binding.
In the event of contradictions or questions of interpretation, the official language shall always prevail. This translation is provided subject to reservation and without legally binding effect.

ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL UNDER THE GENEVA CONVENTIONS OF 1949

Sovereign Consular Section | External Office Sweden
for Diplomatic Correspondence | Protecting Power Civil Affairs
www.schiedsgericht-ga.org | info@schiedsgericht-ga.org
Mossberg Fensan, 68 361 Ekshärad – Sweden

on behalf of the central office in Gubbio

INTERNATIONAL LAW COMMUNICATION AND PARTIAL DETERMINATION
for the clarification of extended personal liability
within the ongoing investigation procedure
Reference number: SG-GA1949/DE-HE/RPK/0525-01

To:
Civilian Michaela Kilian-Bock, Director of the Local Court of Bad Hersfeld

Civilian Rolf Schwarz, Deputy Director of the Local Court of Bad Hersfeld

Civilian Trost, Judge at the Local Court of Bad Hersfeld

Dudenstraße 10, 36251 Bad Hersfeld, Germany

“As you do not identify yourself as a combatant within the meaning of Article 43(2) of Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions, but act as a member of a civilian institution, you are classified as a responsible civilian within this investigation.”

SUBJECT:

Partial Determination for the clarification of extended personal liability
within the ongoing investigation procedure

Involved civilian: A. D.

Function: Sworn arbitrator

Address / German branch of the arbitration court: **redacted**

Valued responsible persons of the Local Court of Bad Hersfeld, namely the respective responsible leadership of the Local Court of Bad Hersfeld, irrespective of any interim personnel changes, currently represented by the Deputy Director as well as the acting judge who is responsible for and issued the relevant correspondence, as well as all other responsible persons involved or participating at this authority,

Historical Finding

On 21 April 2025, protected civilians under the Geneva Conventions of 1949 convened the Arbitral Tribunal under the Geneva Conventions of 1949.
This marks the first time in over 75 years that the treaty text itself has been implemented in its original, binding and mandatory form.

The reason no such arbitral tribunal had previously existed does not lie in the absence of a legal obligation, but solely in the fact that until this moment no civilians were willing to commit themselves unconditionally and without compensation to the protection of all civilians under international humanitarian law.

This is not a petition; it is the exercise of treaty authority pursuant to Article 1 of the Geneva Conventions.

Pacta sunt servanda – Agreements must be kept

The Geneva Conventions of 1949 must be applied mandatorily.
This communication is not a request, but an internationally binding notification.
Any opposition or disregard constitutes a breach of treaty and will be treated as such.

Reference Number: SG-GA1949/DE-HE/RPK/0525-01

Date: 17 January 2026
Gubbio, Italy — filed with the Registry 18-page document plus 7-page annex

This issuance does not constitute a new diplomatic communication.
It is issued exclusively as a partial determination and continuation of the diplomatic letter already transmitted on 02 June 2025 under reference number SG-GA1949/DE-HE/RPK/0525-01.
The distribution list specified therein remains fully valid and unchanged.

I. Subject of the Partial Determination

This partial determination serves to clarify the legal situation that has already arisen within the ongoing investigation procedure.
It is expressly limited to the determination of acknowledgement of notice, the blocking effect, and the resulting extended personal liability.

II. Determination of Acknowledgement of Notice

By means of the diplomatic communication of 02 June 2025 and its subsequent continuations, the individual acknowledgement of notice by all responsible authorities and persons named therein has been demonstrably established.

III. Determination of the Blocking Effect

Since the initiation of the investigation procedure, a comprehensive blocking effect applies to all further measures, enforcement actions, utilizations, or other acts relating to the same factual circumstances, irrespective of their designation under domestic law or their organizational assignment.

IV. Determination of Extended Personal Liability

All persons who, after acknowledgement of notice has been established, order, carry out, participate in, tolerate, or omit actions are personally and with extended liability responsible for the respective acts or omissions.

This liability applies independently of function, rank, competence, or institutional affiliation.

V. Non-derogability of Responsibility

Any exemption from one’s own or another’s responsibility is excluded.
Delegation, transfer, chains of command, references to competence, or organizational measures have no exculpatory effect.

VI. Legal Nature of the Partial Determination

This partial determination is issued without loss of rights, without recognition of domestic jurisdictions, and without prejudice to further determinations, decisions, or measures within the ongoing investigation procedure.

Obligation of all branches of power

Legislative, executive and judicial authorities at federal and state level bear equal responsibility to enforce the Geneva Conventions of 1949 at all times due to the binding treaty obligations.

Liability without immunity

Those responsible for violations enjoy no immunity.
Neither affiliation with the legislative, executive or judiciary, nor official position, assignment, rank or instruction removes personal liability.

Continuation or repetition of measures is considered a deliberate violation of international humanitarian law and results in doubled personal liability.

All recipients are hereby internationally and domestically bound.
Any disregard will be documented and forwarded to the Allied Protecting Power.

For the Arbitral Tribunal under the Geneva Conventions of 1949

on behalf of the Central Office

With diplomatic respect
Signature without loss of right

B. K.

Investigating Sworn Arbitral Judge, External Office Sweden

International Law under the Geneva Conventions of 1949

Diplomatic Transmission:

With diplomatic respect
Signature without loss of right

S. L.-K.
Sworn Arbitrator, External Office Germany

International Law under the Geneva Conventions of 1949

Diplomatic transmission in accordance with the Geneva Conventions of 1949.

(This message was sent in fulfillment of international humanitarian protection obligations.)